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1.
Cad Saude Publica ; 39(2): e00169722, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36820725

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of psychoactive substance use by adolescents from public schools. This is a cross-sectional study that used a random sample of adolescents from five public schools located in a municipality in the central-west region of the São Paulo Metropolitan Area, Brazil. Information on demographic, socioeconomic, and drug use was collected using self-report questionnaires. The sample consisted of 1,460 students, 716 (49%) males, aged 10-19 years (13.19±2.04 years). The prevalence of psychoactive substance use in the last month was 51% for analgesics; 48.8% for alcohol; 37.3% for tobacco; 30.8% for tranquilizers; 23.1% for marijuana; 22.6% for anabolic steroids; 21.6% for ecstasy; 15.3% for amphetamines/stimulants; 13.4% for phencyclidine; 12.9% for cocaine/crack; 12.6% for inhalants/solvents; 11.5% for opiates; 11.4% for hallucinogens; and 16.2% for other unclassified drugs. Elementary and middle school students were more likely to consume tobacco (OR = 2.306; 95%CI: 1.733-3.068; p < 0.001), and male students were more likely to consume any type of substance. We identified a high use of psychoactive substances among this study participants, with a higher prevalence among male students.


Subject(s)
Substance-Related Disorders , Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Prevalence , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Ethanol
2.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 39(2): e00169722, 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421033

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of psychoactive substance use by adolescents from public schools. This is a cross-sectional study that used a random sample of adolescents from five public schools located in a municipality in the central-west region of the São Paulo Metropolitan Area, Brazil. Information on demographic, socioeconomic, and drug use was collected using self-report questionnaires. The sample consisted of 1,460 students, 716 (49%) males, aged 10-19 years (13.19±2.04 years). The prevalence of psychoactive substance use in the last month was 51% for analgesics; 48.8% for alcohol; 37.3% for tobacco; 30.8% for tranquilizers; 23.1% for marijuana; 22.6% for anabolic steroids; 21.6% for ecstasy; 15.3% for amphetamines/stimulants; 13.4% for phencyclidine; 12.9% for cocaine/crack; 12.6% for inhalants/solvents; 11.5% for opiates; 11.4% for hallucinogens; and 16.2% for other unclassified drugs. Elementary and middle school students were more likely to consume tobacco (OR = 2.306; 95%CI: 1.733-3.068; p < 0.001), and male students were more likely to consume any type of substance. We identified a high use of psychoactive substances among this study participants, with a higher prevalence among male students.


O objetivo foi estimar a prevalência de uso de substâncias psicoativas por adolescentes de escolas públicas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com uma amostra aleatória de adolescentes de cinco escolas públicas localizadas em um município da zona centro-oeste da Região Metropolitada de São Paulo, Brasil. Informações sobre as características demográficas, socioeconômicas e de uso de drogas foram coletadas por meio de questionários autorreferidos. A amostra foi composta por 1.460 estudantes, sendo 716 (49%) meninos, com idade entre 10 e 19 anos (13,19±2,04 anos). A prevalência de uso de substâncias psicoativas no último mês foi de 51,0% para analgésicos; álcool 48,8%; tabaco 37,3%; tranquilizantes 30,8%; maconha 23,1%; esteroides anabolizantes 22,6%; ecstasy 21,6%; anfetaminas/estimulantes 15,3%; fenciclidina 13,4%; cocaína/crack 12,9%; inalantes/solventes 12,6%; opiáceos 11,5%; alucinógenos 11,4%; e outras drogas não classificadas 16,2%. Alunos do Ensino Fundamental foram mais propensos a consumir tabaco (OR = 2,306; IC95%: 1,733-3,068; p < 0,001), e os estudantes do sexo masculino foram mais propensos a consumir qualquer tipo de substância. Identificou-se um alto uso de substâncias psicoativas entre os participantes deste estudo, com maior prevalência entre os estudantes do sexo masculino.


El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas por adolescentes de escuelas públicas brasileñas. Se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado con una muestra aleatoria de adolescentes de cinco escuelas públicas, ubicadas en una ciudad de la región centro-oeste de la Región Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil. La información sobre las características demográficas, socioeconómicas y de consumo de drogas se recabó de cuestionarios autoinformados. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1.460 estudiantes; 716 (49%) de los cuales eran varones, con edades entre 10 y 19 años (13,19±2,04 años). La prevalencia de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en el último mes fue: para analgésicos 51%; alcohol 48,8%; tabaco 37,3%; tranquilizantes 30,8%; marihuana 23,1%; esteroides anabólicos 22,6%; éxtasis 21,6%; anfetaminas/estimulantes 15,3%; fenciclidina 13,4%; cocaína/crack 12,9%; inhalantes/disolventes 12,6%; opiáceos 11,5%; alucinógenos 11,4%; y otras drogas no clasificadas 16,2%. Los estudiantes de primaria fueron los más propensos a consumir tabaco (OR = 2,306; IC95%: 1,733-3,068; p < 0,001), y los varones los más propensos a consumir cualquier tipo de sustancia. Se identificó un alto consumo de sustancias psicoactivas entre los participantes, con mayor prevalencia entre los estudiantes del sexo masculino.

3.
Psico USF ; 26(1): 41-51, Jan. 2021. tab
Article in English | Index Psychology - journals, LILACS | ID: biblio-1287583

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Problematic Internet Use (PIU) among adolescents (N = 466) and its possible association with emotional problems and quality of life. Students (Mage = 12.8 years; SD = 1.9) from five public schools in a city in the State of São Paulo participated in this study and completed four instruments: a sociodemographic questionnaire; Internet Addiction Test (IAT); Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). No significant differences were detected about the frequency and intensity of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress compared to those who did not have problems with the use of the Internet. No differences were observed between the groups in respect of quality of life either. However, those individuals who felt that their internet use impaired their daily activities presented higher average IAT scores and higher levels of stress. These findings indicated that the perception of internet use was the main variable associated with emotional symptoms. (AU)


O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência de Uso Problemático de Internet (UPI) entre adolescentes (N = 466) e sua possível associação com problemas emocionais e qualidade de vida. Estudantes (Midade = 12,8; DP = 1,9) de cinco escolas públicas de um município do Estado de São Paulo participaram deste estudo e preencheram quatro instrumentos: Questionário sociodemográfico; Internet Addiction Test (IAT); Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS -21) e Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Não se encontrou relação significante entre a frequência e intensidade dos sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse em comparação com aqueles que não possuem problemas com o uso da internet. Em relação à qualidade de vida, também não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos. Entretanto, aqueles que possuíam uma percepção de uso de internet prejudicial a suas atividades cotidianas apresentaram maior pontuação média do instrumento IAT e maiores níveis de estresse. Esses achados indicam que a percepção do uso do uso de internet foi a principal variável associada com sintomas emocionais. (AU)


Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la prevalencia del Uso Problemático de Internet (UPI) entre adolescentes (N = 466) y su posible asociación con problemas emocionales y calidad de vida. Los estudiantes (Midade = 12,8; DS = 1,9) de cinco escuelas públicas en una ciudad de la provincia de São Paulo participaron en este estudio y completaron cuatro instrumentos: un cuestionario sociodemográfico; Internet Addiction Test (IAT); Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) y Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). No se detectaron diferencias significativas sobre la frecuencia y la intensidad de los síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en comparación con aquellos que no tuvieron problemas con el uso de Internet. Tampoco se observaron diferencias entre los grupos con respecto a la calidad de vida. Sin embargo, aquellas personas que sintieron que su uso de Internet perjudicaba sus actividades diarias presentaron escores promedios más altos de IAT y niveles más altos de estrés. Estos hallazgos indicaron que la percepción del uso de Internet fue la principal variable asociada a los síntomas emocionales. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Anxiety/psychology , Quality of Life/psychology , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Depression/psychology , Emotions , Internet Addiction Disorder/psychology , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires
4.
Pediatr Rheumatol Online J ; 16(1): 63, 2018 Oct 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30314523

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Adherence to treatment for chronic diseases is lower in children than in adults, less extensively studied in children and is associated with multiple related factors. The aim of this study is to perform a descriptive analysis of psycho-cognitive aspects of primary caregivers of pediatric patients with chronic rheumatic diseases, as well as socioeconomic and clinical factors, family functioning and treatment satisfaction. METHODS: Primary caregivers of 90 patients were included. Pairs (caregiver plus patient) were grouped as presenting good adherence (n = 50) or poor adherence (n = 40) according to the Morisky Adherence Test. Psycho-cognitive aspects were evaluated by Adult Self-Report and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale tests. For statistical comparisons, quantitative variables with normal distribution were analyzed by Student's t test, and those with non-Gaussian distribution with the Mann Whitney test. Categorical variables were analyzed by Chi square test. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the contribution of the independent variables to adherence. RESULTS: Compared to caregivers in the good adherence group, caregivers in the poor adherence group were more likely to be classified as clinical on the scales for attention problems and externalizing problems, which include impulsiveness and aggressiveness. They also scored higher on the depressive problem scale. In addition, the average number of children per caregiver and the mean age of caregivers and patients were significantly higher in the poor adherence group, while the proportion of caregivers with higher education was lower. The poor adherence group also included a higher incidence of pediatric patients assuming sole responsibility for managing medications. Economic status, clinical factors, treatment satisfaction, family functioning and caregiver cognitive profile were not related to adherence, except for working memory index. CONCLUSION: Older patients, patients as the one solely responsible for medication management, and caregivers with externalizing problems, were observed to be the most strongly associated to poor adherence. Interventions aimed at adolescent patients are needed. Also, psychological programs and interventional studies to better determine caregivers' behavioral/emotional status, and parent-child relationships are recommended.


Subject(s)
Caregivers/psychology , Rheumatic Diseases/psychology , Treatment Adherence and Compliance/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Chronic Disease/psychology , Chronic Disease/therapy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Parent-Child Relations , Psychometrics , Rheumatic Diseases/therapy , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires
5.
Span J Psychol ; 21: E33, 2018 Aug 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30088462

ABSTRACT

Visual-motor skill forms an important psycho diagnostic component and is associated with psycho-neurological aspects. The Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test, widely used for the evaluation of this area, is meant for children up to 11 years. In adolescence, the changes associated with puberty generate nonlinear anthropometric development resulting in mild and temporary incoordination. This study investigated the relation between visual-motor development measured by the Bender test and pubertal changes according to the Tanner scale. In all 134 adolescents of both sexes, aged from 10 to 15, who kept routine medical appointments, participated. We used the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test, Raven's Progressive Matrices Test, and medical chart data. The techniques were applied individually. Pubertal changes were associated with the Bender test results showing higher scores at the G3 stage, the period corresponding to a growth spurt, compared to the G5 stage (p = .007, ES = .187), the post-growth spurt period in boys. Age and gender did not influence the Bender test scores. According to the Raven test, the g intelligence factor, interfered significantly in the visual-motor performance (r = -57%, p < .001). Schooling, repetition of a school year, and developmental problems (p = .002, ES = .156; p = .002, ES = .623; p < .001, ES = .880, respectively) obtained similar results. The Bender Test was sensitive to schooling and maturational problems during adolescence. There was an association between visual-motor development and sexual maturity in male adolescents. Our results indicate the usefulness of the Bender Test at older ages than those used in the test standardization.


Subject(s)
Adolescent Development/physiology , Bender-Gestalt Test , Child Development/physiology , Psychomotor Performance/physiology , Puberty/physiology , Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male
6.
In. Jesus, Neuza Maria de; Soares Junior, José Maria; Moraes, Sandra Dircinha Teixeira de Araújo. Adolescência e Saúde 4: Construindo saberes, unindo forças, consolidando direitos. São Paulo, Instituto de Saúde, 2018. p.17-19.
Monography in Portuguese | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-HMLMBACERVO, SESSP-HMLMBPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1086479
7.
Span. j. psychol ; 21: e33.1-e33.8, 2018. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-189115

ABSTRACT

Visual-motor skill forms an important psycho diagnostic component and is associated with psycho-neurological aspects. The Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test, widely used for the evaluation of this area, is meant for children up to 11 years. In adolescence, the changes associated with puberty generate nonlinear anthropometric development resulting in mild and temporary incoordination. This study investigated the relation between visual-motor development measured by the Bender test and pubertal changes according to the Tanner scale. In all 134 adolescents of both sexes, aged from 10 to 15, who kept routine medical appointments, participated. We used the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test, Raven's Progressive Matrices Test, and medical chart data. The techniques were applied individually. Pubertal changes were associated with the Bender test results showing higher scores at the G3 stage, the period corresponding to a growth spurt, compared to the G5 stage (p = .007, ES = .187), the post-growth spurt period in boys. Age and gender did not influence the Bender test scores. According to the Raven test, the g intelligence factor, interfered significantly in the visual-motor performance (r = -57%, p < .001). Schooling, repetition of a school year, and developmental problems (p = .002, ES = .156; p = .002, ES = .623; p < .001, ES = .880, respectively) obtained similar results. The Bender Test was sensitive to schooling and maturational problems during adolescence. There was an association between visual-motor development and sexual maturity in male adolescents. Our results indicate the usefulness of the Bender Test at older ages than those used in the test standardization


No disponible


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adolescent Development/physiology , Bender-Gestalt Test , Child Development/physiology , Psychomotor Performance/physiology , Puberty/physiology
8.
Rev. bras. crescimento desenvolv. hum ; 27(3): 315-321, 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-958495

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The development of adolescents living outside the environment of their families and residing in institutional shelters presents peculiar characteristics in the interactions established in their daily lives and the constitution of their identities. Erikson's psychosocial theory studies identity formation, observing exploration and commitment. Identity status can be classified as identity diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, and identity achievement. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate identity status of adolescents living in institutional shelters. METHODS: Eighty-seven adolescents living in institutional shelters (age 12-17) individually responded to the Extended Objective Measure of the Ego Identity Status II (EOMEIS II). The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics which included the following variables: gender, age range, schooling, and time of sheltering. RESULTS: There was a prevalence of the identity diffusion status in both genders, regardless of the length of schooling and despite the time of sheltering. There were differences in the results considering age range (p = 0,033). CONCLUSION: Older adolescents showed greater losses in identity development, with more negative and immature states of identity, indicative of poor preparation for leaving the institution (at age 18)


INTRODUÇÃO: O desenvolvimento de adolescentes que vivem fora do convívio familiar, por situação de acolhimento institucional, tem características peculiares nas interações estabelecidas em suas vidas cotidianas e na constituição de suas identidades. A teoria psicossocial de Erikson estuda o desenvolvimento da identidade observando a exploração e o compromisso. Os estados de identidade podem ser classificados em difusão, pré-fechamento, moratória e identidade estabelecida. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os estados de identidade de adolescentes que vivem em situação de acolhimento institucional. MÉTODO: Participaram 87 adolescentes (de 12 a 17 anos) em situação de acolhimento, que responderam ao Extended Objective Measure of the Ego Identity Status II (EOMEIS II), em aplicações individuais. Dados foram tratados de forma descritiva e inferencial pelas variáveis: sexo, faixa etária, escolaridade, e tempo de acolhimento RESULTADOS: Houve prevalência do estado de difusão de identidade, em ambos os sexos, independentemente do tempo de escolarização, e a despeito do tempo de acolhimento. Houve diferença nos resultados considerando faixa etária (p=0,033). CONCLUSÃO: Os adolescentes mais velhos sinalizaram maiores prejuízos no desenvolvimento da identidade, com prevalência de estados mais negativos e imaturos de identidade, indicativos de despreparo para saída da instituição (aos 18 anos).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adolescent , Child, Foster , Identity Crisis , Adolescent Development
9.
Psicol. argum ; 34(84): 15-28, jan.-mar. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-69796

ABSTRACT

A enurese é um problema que aflige muitas crianças. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre a falta de controle urinário noturno e problemas de comportamento. Participaram 774 pais de crianças e adolescentes de 5 a 18 anos, respondendo ao Child Behavior Checklist - CBCL. Foi selecionado o item “meu filho faz xixi na cama”, que foi comparado com os demais itens do instrumento e seus resultados. Verificou-se que 8,91% dos pais assinalaram positivamente este item. Houve associação entre falta de controle urinário noturno e idade, escolaridade - os mais novos, os que estudam nas séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental e os com defasagem idade-série escolar -, e problemas de comportamento medidos pelo CBCL. Observou-se que ‘molhar a cama’ é um problema comum e pode levar a importantes distúrbios sociais e psicológicos. A implementação de uma triagem para problemas psicológicos pode contribuir para um melhor tratamento da enurese noturna.(AU)


Enuresis (bedwetting) is a problem that affects a large number of children. The aim of the present study was to investigate associations with bedwetting and behavioral problems. A total of 774 parents of children and adolescents aged five to 18 years responded to the Child Behavior Checklist. The item “my child wets the bed” was selected and compared to the other items on this checklist. A total of 8.91% of the parents checked the item in question. Nocturnal enuresis was associated with age (younger children), schooling (those in early years of elementary school and those behind in school for their age) and behavioral problems measured by the checklist. Bedwetting is a common problem that can lead to social and psychological disorders. The implementation of a screening protocol for psychological problems could contribute to better treatment in cases of nocturnal enuresis.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Comorbidity , Behavior , Nocturnal Enuresis , Adolescent , Child
10.
Psicol. argum ; 34(84): 15-28, jan.-mar. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-835168

ABSTRACT

A enurese é um problema que aflige muitas crianças. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre a falta de controle urinário noturno e problemas de comportamento. Participaram 774 pais de crianças e adolescentes de 5 a 18 anos, respondendo ao Child Behavior Checklist - CBCL. Foi selecionado o item “meu filho faz xixi na cama”, que foi comparado com os demais itens do instrumento e seus resultados. Verificou-se que 8,91% dos pais assinalaram positivamente este item. Houve associação entre falta de controle urinário noturno e idade, escolaridade - os mais novos, os que estudam nas séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental e os com defasagem idade-série escolar -, e problemas de comportamento medidos pelo CBCL. Observou-se que ‘molhar a cama’ é um problema comum e pode levar a importantes distúrbios sociais e psicológicos. A implementação de uma triagem para problemas psicológicos pode contribuir para um melhor tratamento da enurese noturna.


Enuresis (bedwetting) is a problem that affects a large number of children. The aim of the present study was to investigate associations with bedwetting and behavioral problems. A total of 774 parents of children and adolescents aged five to 18 years responded to the Child Behavior Checklist. The item “my child wets the bed” was selected and compared to the other items on this checklist. A total of 8.91% of the parents checked the item in question. Nocturnal enuresis was associated with age (younger children), schooling (those in early years of elementary school and those behind in school for their age) and behavioral problems measured by the checklist. Bedwetting is a common problem that can lead to social and psychological disorders. The implementation of a screening protocol for psychological problems could contribute to better treatment in cases of nocturnal enuresis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Comorbidity , Behavior , Nocturnal Enuresis , Adolescent , Child
11.
Estud. psicol. (Campinas) ; 32(3): 437-447, Jul-Sep/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-64659

ABSTRACT

A velocidade de leitura, calculada pelo número de palavras lidas por minuto, é um dos aspectos observados na fluência dessa habilidade. Esta pesquisa caracterizou a velocidade de leitura no último ano do ensino fundamental, segundo o texto e o desempenho acadêmico, investigando possíveis correlações entre essas variáveis. Trinta e dois estudantes do 9° ano, agrupados pela média escolar, leram dois textos diferentes, oral e silenciosamente. A velocidade calculada variou de 96,05 palavras por minuto, na leitura oral inédita, a 219,41 palavras por minuto, na segunda leitura oral. O texto influenciou a velocidade da leitura oral, provavelmente pela frequência ou número de caracteres das palavras. A velocidade da leitura silenciosa mostrou-se mais alta que a observada na leitura oral. Houve correlação entre velocidade de leitura e desempenho acadêmico. São necessários parâmetros brasileiros para avaliar a velocidade de leitura conforme as diferentes idades e ao níveis de escolaridade.(AU)


Reading rate (number of words read per minute) is one of the aspects observed in reading fluency. This study characterized reading rate in the ninth grade of elementary school, according to the text and academic performance, investigating possible correlations between these variables. Thirty-two students were grouped in accordance with their average achievement scores and they read two different texts aloud and silently. Reading rate ranged from 96.05 words per minute (unpracticed reading) to 219.41 (reading aloud preceded by initial reading aloud). The text exerted an influence on reading aloud (likely the frequency and number of characters in words of the Portuguese language). Estimated speed during silent reading was faster than the one observed during reading aloud. A correlation was found between reading rate and academic performance. Brazilian reference values are required to evaluate the reading rate at different ages and different levels of schooling.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Educational Measurement , Educational Status
12.
Estud. psicol. (Campinas) ; 32(3): 437-447, Jul-Sep/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-753982

ABSTRACT

A velocidade de leitura, calculada pelo número de palavras lidas por minuto, é um dos aspectos observados na fluência dessa habilidade. Esta pesquisa caracterizou a velocidade de leitura no último ano do ensino fundamental, segundo o texto e o desempenho acadêmico, investigando possíveis correlações entre essas variáveis. Trinta e dois estudantes do 9° ano, agrupados pela média escolar, leram dois textos diferentes, oral e silenciosamente. A velocidade calculada variou de 96,05 palavras por minuto, na leitura oral inédita, a 219,41 palavras por minuto, na segunda leitura oral. O texto influenciou a velocidade da leitura oral, provavelmente pela frequência ou número de caracteres das palavras. A velocidade da leitura silenciosa mostrou-se mais alta que a observada na leitura oral. Houve correlação entre velocidade de leitura e desempenho acadêmico. São necessários parâmetros brasileiros para avaliar a velocidade de leitura conforme as diferentes idades e ao níveis de escolaridade.


Reading rate (number of words read per minute) is one of the aspects observed in reading fluency. This study characterized reading rate in the ninth grade of elementary school, according to the text and academic performance, investigating possible correlations between these variables. Thirty-two students were grouped in accordance with their average achievement scores and they read two different texts aloud and silently. Reading rate ranged from 96.05 words per minute (unpracticed reading) to 219.41 (reading aloud preceded by initial reading aloud). The text exerted an influence on reading aloud (likely the frequency and number of characters in words of the Portuguese language). Estimated speed during silent reading was faster than the one observed during reading aloud. A correlation was found between reading rate and academic performance. Brazilian reference values are required to evaluate the reading rate at different ages and different levels of schooling.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Educational Measurement , Educational Status
13.
Psicol. educ ; (36): 19-28, jun. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-64325

ABSTRACT

Os alunos utilizam diferentes estratégias de aprendizagem. Este estudo identificou as principais estratégias para aprender uma segunda língua. O Strategy Inventory for Language Learning de Oxford foi respondido por 32 estudantes brasileiros de espanhol. Consiste em uma escala do tipo Likert para identificar as estratégias para a aquisição de uma língua estrangeira por estudantes de idiomas em ambientes formais. As estratégias metacognitivas foram as mais utilizadas (média 3,733). Não houve associação entre idade e estratégias. As mulheres obtiveram média maior nas cognitivas e metacognitivas; estudantes de pós-graduação, nas estratégias afetivas. Foi observado que estudantes de nível avançado em língua espanhola utilizam diferentes estratégias de aprendizagem, de acordo com algumas características sociodemográficas.(AU)


Students use different learning strategies. The aim of the present study was to identify the main learning strategies used by Brazilian students of Spanish. Thirty-two Brazilian students answered the Oxford Strategy Inventory for Language Learning. The questionnaire consists of a five-point Likert scale designed to identify strategies used in the acquisition of foreign language by students in formal settings. Metacognitive strategies were the most employed (mean: 3.733). There was no association between age and strategies. Females had higher mean values regarding cognitive and metacognitive strategies, postgraduate students prefered affective strategies. It was concluded that students at advanced levels of Spanish-language learning employed different learning strategies based on socio-demographic characteristics.(AU)


Estudiantes pueden utilizar diferentes estrategias de aprendizaje. En este estudio se identificaron las principales estrategias para aprender una segunda lengua. El "Strategy Inventory for Language Learning" de Oxford fue respondido por 32 estudiantes brasileños de español. Consiste en una escala de tipo Likert para identificar estrategias para la adquisición de una lengua extranjera para los estudiantes de idiomas en entornos formales. Las estrategias metacognitivas fueron las más utilizadas (promedio 3,733). No se encontró asociación entre la edad y las estrategias. Las mujeres tienen media más altas en cognitivas y metacognitivas; estudiantes de postgrado, en las estrategias afectivas. Se observó que los estudiantes de nivel avanzado en español utilizan diferentes estrategias de aprendizaje, según algunas características sociodemográficas.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Learning , Multilingualism
14.
Psicol. educ ; (36): 19-28, jun. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-717600

ABSTRACT

Os alunos utilizam diferentes estratégias de aprendizagem. Este estudo identificou as principais estratégias para aprender uma segunda língua. O Strategy Inventory for Language Learning de Oxford foi respondido por 32 estudantes brasileiros de espanhol. Consiste em uma escala do tipo Likert para identificar as estratégias para a aquisição de uma língua estrangeira por estudantes de idiomas em ambientes formais. As estratégias metacognitivas foram as mais utilizadas (média 3,733). Não houve associação entre idade e estratégias. As mulheres obtiveram média maior nas cognitivas e metacognitivas; estudantes de pós-graduação, nas estratégias afetivas. Foi observado que estudantes de nível avançado em língua espanhola utilizam diferentes estratégias de aprendizagem, de acordo com algumas características sociodemográficas.


Students use different learning strategies. The aim of the present study was to identify the main learning strategies used by Brazilian students of Spanish. Thirty-two Brazilian students answered the Oxford Strategy Inventory for Language Learning. The questionnaire consists of a five-point Likert scale designed to identify strategies used in the acquisition of foreign language by students in formal settings. Metacognitive strategies were the most employed (mean: 3.733). There was no association between age and strategies. Females had higher mean values regarding cognitive and metacognitive strategies, postgraduate students prefered affective strategies. It was concluded that students at advanced levels of Spanish-language learning employed different learning strategies based on socio-demographic characteristics.


Estudiantes pueden utilizar diferentes estrategias de aprendizaje. En este estudio se identificaron las principales estrategias para aprender una segunda lengua. El "Strategy Inventory for Language Learning" de Oxford fue respondido por 32 estudiantes brasileños de español. Consiste en una escala de tipo Likert para identificar estrategias para la adquisición de una lengua extranjera para los estudiantes de idiomas en entornos formales. Las estrategias metacognitivas fueron las más utilizadas (promedio 3,733). No se encontró asociación entre la edad y las estrategias. Las mujeres tienen media más altas en cognitivas y metacognitivas; estudiantes de postgrado, en las estrategias afectivas. Se observó que los estudiantes de nivel avanzado en español utilizan diferentes estrategias de aprendizaje, según algunas características sociodemográficas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Learning , Multilingualism
15.
Percept Mot Skills ; 117(1): 1299-317, 2013 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24422355

ABSTRACT

Visual-motor skill is fundamental to human development and is an important component of psychological evaluations. The goal of the present study was to determine whether there is a correlation between visual-motor development, as measured by the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test (Bender test), and sexual maturity in adolescents, based on the Tanner Stages in Adolescents. 134 adolescents from 10 to 15 years of age participated in the study. The Bender test and the Raven's Progressive Matrices Test were employed. The measures were administered individually and information on sexual maturity and the presence of developmental disorders was collected from medical charts. The results of the Bender test were not affected by gender, age, schooling, or changes stemming from puberty, but were significantly affected by having repeated a school year and by developmental disorders. An association was found with Raven's scores. The Bender test proved sensitive to developmental disorders in adolescence. No association was found between visual-motor development and sexual maturity in adolescents.


Subject(s)
Bender-Gestalt Test/statistics & numerical data , Psychomotor Performance , Psychosexual Development , Puberty/psychology , Adolescent , Child , Developmental Disabilities/psychology , Educational Status , Female , Humans , Male , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data , Psychometrics/statistics & numerical data , Reproducibility of Results , Statistics as Topic
16.
Psico USF ; 17(3): 369-377, set.-dez. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-55968

ABSTRACT

O trabalho teve como objetivo construir curvas de referência de pontos brutos das Áreas e do Total do Stanford-Binet em crianças e adolescentes paulistanos. Foram avaliadas individualmente 257 crianças e adolescentes, com idade média de 5 anos e 10 meses, sendo 130 (50,58%) do sexo feminino e 127 (49,42%) do sexo masculino, todas frequentadoras de Escolas Públicas de Educação Infantil e Fundamental, de diferentes regiões da cidade de São Paulo. O teste foi aplicado individualmente na própria escola das crianças, sempre a partir do primeiro item, independentemente da idade da criança. Os participantes foram agrupados por idade; calcularam-se medidas descritivas para cada faixa etária desta população. Foram confeccionadas curvas de referência para Áreas e Total do Stanford Binet com os pontos brutos obtidos. Os pontos brutos foram distribuídos de acordo com a curva normal.(AU)


The objective of this study was to construct curves reference crude scores on the areas and total of the Stanford-Binet test for children in Sao Paulo. 257 children [130 (50.58%) females and 127 (49.42%) males] with a mean age of 5 years 10 months were individually evaluated, all of them attending public Nursery and Elementary schools in different regions of the city of São Paulo. The test was applied individually in the children's schools, always based on the first item, regardless of the child's age. The participants were grouped according to age and descriptive measures were performed for each age group in this population. References curves were constructed for the areas and total of the Stanford-Binet test with the crude scores obtained. The crude scores were distributed in accordance with the normal curve.(AU)


El estudio tuvo como objetivo construir curvas de referencia de puntajes brutos de las Áreas y del Total del Stanford-Binet en niños y adolescentes del estado de São Paulo-Brasil. Fueron evaluados individualmente 257 niños y adolescentes, con edad media de 5 años y 10 meses, siendo 130 (50,58%) del sexo femenino y 127 (49,42%) del sexo masculino, todos frecuentadores de escuelas públicas de educación infantil y básica, de diferentes regiones de la ciudad de São Paulo. El test fue aplicado individualmente en la propia escuela de los niños, siempre a partir del primer ítem, independientemente de la edad del niño. Los participantes fueron agrupados por edad; se calculó medidas descriptivas para cada rango etario de esta población. Fueron confeccionadas curvas de referencia para Áreas y Total del Stanford Binet con los puntajes brutos obtenidos. Los puntajes brutos fueron distribuidos de acuerdo con la curva normal.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Intelligence , Stanford-Binet Test , Cognition
17.
Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) ; 22(53): 315-323, set.-dez. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-56072

ABSTRACT

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os principais problemas comportamentais e emocionais percebidos por adolescentes que frequentam um ambulatório de saúde. Participaram 320 adolescentes que não estavam em atendimento psicoterápico e que responderam, na sala de espera de um ambulatório, o Youth Self Report. O principal problema relatado foi Ansiedade/Depressão. Os meninos obtiveram escores mais altos em Problemas Sociais e mais baixos em Comportamento Delinquente; as meninas apresentaram-se com menos problemas no agrupamento Problemas Somáticos e com mais problemas em Ansiedade/Depressão. Quanto à faixa etária, observou-se que Problemas Sociais esteve associado ao início da adolescência. Quanto à incidência, menos de um quarto dos adolescentes apresentaram-se com problemas, sugerindo que a adolescência não é um período de turbulência. Observou-se que alguns adolescentes necessitam de uma avaliação mais detalhada, pois relataram comportamentos indicativos de transtornos mentais. Conclui-se a necessidade de profissionais de saúde mental integrarem a equipe de saúde que atende adolescentes.(AU)


This study's objective was to identify the main behavioral and emotional problems perceived by adolescents attending an outpatient service. A total of 320 adolescents were included in the study. The respondents were not undergoing psychotherapy and self-applied the Youth Self Report in the ambulatory's waiting room. The main problem reported was Anxious/Depressed. Male adolescents obtained higher scores for Social Problems and lower scores for Delinquent Behavior, while females obtained lower scores for Somatic Complaints and higher scores for the Anxious/Depressed scale. Social Problems were associated with the initial phase of adolescence. In terms of incidence, less than one quarter of the adolescents presented problems, suggesting that adolescence is not a period of turbulence. Some adolescents require a more detailed evaluation because they reported behaviors indicative of mental disorders. We conclude that there is a need for mental health workers to integrate the health staff providing care to adolescents.(AU)


El objetivo del estudio fue identificar los problemas comportamentales y emocionales notados en adolescentes que frecuentan una clínica de salud. Participaron 320 adolescentes, que no estaban en psicoterapia y que respondieron, en la sala de espera, de una clínica de salud, al Youth Self Report. El principal problema relatado fue Ansiedad/Depresión. Los niños obtuvieron calificaciones más altas en Problemas Sociales y más bajas en Comportamiento Delincuente; las niñas se presentaron con menos problemas en el grupo Problemas Somáticos y con más problemas en Ansiedad/Depresión. En lo referente al rango de edad, se observó que Problemas Sociales estuvieron asociados al inicio de la adolescencia. En lo referente a la incidencia, menos de un cuarto de los adolescentes se presentaron con problemas, sugiriendo que la adolescencia no es un periodo de turbulencia. Se observó que algunos adolescentes necesitan una evaluación más detallada, pues relataron comportamientos indicativos de trastornos mentales. Se concluye que existe la necesidad de que profesionales de salud mental integren el equipo de salud que atiende a adolescentes.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Conduct Disorder , Ambulatory Care Facilities , Anxiety Disorders , Depression
18.
Paidéia (Ribeiräo Preto) ; 22(53): 315-323, set.-dez. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-668071

ABSTRACT

This study's objective was to identify the main behavioral and emotional problems perceived by adolescents attending an outpatient service. A total of 320 adolescents were included in the study. The respondents were not undergoing psychotherapy and self-applied the Youth Self Report in the ambulatory's waiting room. The main problem reported was Anxious/Depressed. Male adolescents obtained higher scores for Social Problems and lower scores for Delinquent Behavior, while females obtained lower scores for Somatic Complaints and higher scores for the Anxious/Depressed scale. Social Problems were associated with the initial phase of adolescence. In terms of incidence, less than one quarter of the adolescents presented problems, suggesting that adolescence is not a period of turbulence. Some adolescents require a more detailed evaluation because they reported behaviors indicative of mental disorders. We conclude that there is a need for mental health workers to integrate the health staff providing care to adolescents.


El objetivo del estudio fue identificar los problemas comportamentales y emocionales notados en adolescentes que frecuentan una clínica de salud. Participaron 320 adolescentes, que no estaban en psicoterapia y que respondieron, en la sala de espera, de una clínica de salud, al Youth Self Report. El principal problema relatado fue Ansiedad/Depresión. Los niños obtuvieron calificaciones más altas en Problemas Sociales y más bajas en Comportamiento Delincuente; las niñas se presentaron con menos problemas en el grupo Problemas Somáticos y con más problemas en Ansiedad/Depresión. En lo referente al rango de edad, se observó que Problemas Sociales estuvieron asociados al inicio de la adolescencia. En lo referente a la incidencia, menos de un cuarto de los adolescentes se presentaron con problemas, sugiriendo que la adolescencia no es un periodo de turbulencia. Se observó que algunos adolescentes necesitan una evaluación más detallada, pues relataron comportamientos indicativos de trastornos mentales. Se concluye que existe la necesidad de que profesionales de salud mental integren el equipo de salud que atiende a adolescentes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Ambulatory Care Facilities , Anxiety Disorders , Conduct Disorder , Depression
19.
Psicol. teor. pesqui ; 28(1): 71-76, jan.-mar. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-55244

ABSTRACT

Muitas adolescentes deixam suas famílias para seguir a profissão de modelo, sonhando com um futuro glamoroso. O presente estudo caso-controle analisou a qualidade de vida de 74 adolescentes do sexo feminino, sendo 37 modelos, agenciadas em São Paulo, com delineamento transversal, utilizando o World Health Organization Quality of Life - versão breve (WHOQOL-BREF), que avalia qualidade de vida global e os domínios físico, psicológico, social e ambiental. Utilizou-se o Critério Brasil 2008, para avaliação do nível socioeconômico e para parear o grupo controle. Em geral, o grupo de modelos obteve médias superiores ao grupo de não modelos, sendo esta diferença significante apenas no domínio psicológico. Observou-se que as adolescentes modelos apresentaram uma qualidade de vida semelhante à das não modelos.(AU)


Many adolescent girls leave their families to pursue a modeling career, dreaming of a glamorous future. The present cross-sectional case-control study analyzed the quality of life of 74 female adolescents, 37 of whom were models at agencies in the city of São Paulo (Brazil), using the World Health Organization Quality of Life -BREF questionnaire, which analyzes physical, psychological, social and environmental domains. The Brazil Criteria 2008 were used for the assessment of socioeconomic status and for pairing the control group. The group of models generally achieved higher mean scores than the non-model group, with the difference only significant on the psychological subscale. The results show that the teenage models had a similar quality of life to that of the non-models.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Quality of Life , Adolescent , Child Labor , Adolescent Behavior , Adolescent Health
20.
Psicol. teor. pesqui ; 28(1): 71-76, jan.-mar. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-624446

ABSTRACT

Muitas adolescentes deixam suas famílias para seguir a profissão de modelo, sonhando com um futuro glamoroso. O presente estudo caso-controle analisou a qualidade de vida de 74 adolescentes do sexo feminino, sendo 37 modelos, agenciadas em São Paulo, com delineamento transversal, utilizando o World Health Organization Quality of Life - versão breve (WHOQOL-BREF), que avalia qualidade de vida global e os domínios físico, psicológico, social e ambiental. Utilizou-se o Critério Brasil 2008, para avaliação do nível socioeconômico e para parear o grupo controle. Em geral, o grupo de modelos obteve médias superiores ao grupo de não modelos, sendo esta diferença significante apenas no domínio psicológico. Observou-se que as adolescentes modelos apresentaram uma qualidade de vida semelhante à das não modelos.


Many adolescent girls leave their families to pursue a modeling career, dreaming of a glamorous future. The present cross-sectional case-control study analyzed the quality of life of 74 female adolescents, 37 of whom were models at agencies in the city of São Paulo (Brazil), using the World Health Organization Quality of Life -BREF questionnaire, which analyzes physical, psychological, social and environmental domains. The Brazil Criteria 2008 were used for the assessment of socioeconomic status and for pairing the control group. The group of models generally achieved higher mean scores than the non-model group, with the difference only significant on the psychological subscale. The results show that the teenage models had a similar quality of life to that of the non-models.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adolescent , Quality of Life , Adolescent Behavior , Adolescent Health , Child Labor
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